using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;

using i64 = System.Int64;

using u8 = System.Byte;
using u32 = System.UInt32;
using u64 = System.UInt64;

using Pgno = System.UInt32;


namespace Community.CsharpSqlite
{
  using sqlite_int64 = System.Int64;
  using System.Globalization;

  public partial class Sqlite3
  {
    /*
    ** 2001 September 15
    **
    ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
    ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
    **
    **    May you do good and not evil.
    **    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
    **    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
    **
    *************************************************************************
    ** Utility functions used throughout sqlite.
    **
    ** This file contains functions for allocating memory, comparing
    ** strings, and stuff like that.
    **
    *************************************************************************
    **  Included in SQLite3 port to C#-SQLite;  2008 Noah B Hart
    **  C#-SQLite is an independent reimplementation of the SQLite software library
    **
    **  SQLITE_SOURCE_ID: 2011-06-23 19:49:22 4374b7e83ea0a3fbc3691f9c0c936272862f32f2
    **
    *************************************************************************
    */
    //#include "sqliteInt.h"
    //#include <stdarg.h>
//#if SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
//# include <math.h>
//#endif

    /*
** Routine needed to support the testcase() macro.
*/
#if SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
void sqlite3Coverage(int x){
static uint dummy = 0;
dummy += (uint)x;
}
#endif

#if !SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
    /*
** Return true if the floating point value is Not a Number (NaN).
**
** Use the math library isnan() function if compiled with SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.
** Otherwise, we have our own implementation that works on most systems.
*/
    static bool sqlite3IsNaN( double x )
    {
////      bool rc;   /* The value return */
////#if !(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN)
      /*
** Systems that support the isnan() library function should probably
** make use of it by compiling with -DSQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN.  But we have
** found that many systems do not have a working isnan() function so
** this implementation is provided as an alternative.
**
** This NaN test sometimes fails if compiled on GCC with -ffast-math.
** On the other hand, the use of -ffast-math comes with the following
** warning:
**
**      This option [-ffast-math] should never be turned on by any
**      -O option since it can result in incorrect output for programs
**      which depend on an exact implementation of IEEE or ISO
**      rules/specifications for math functions.
**
** Under MSVC, this NaN test may fail if compiled with a floating-
** point precision mode other than /fp:precise.  From the MSDN
** documentation:
**
**      The compiler [with /fp:precise] will properly handle comparisons
**      involving NaN. For example, x != x evaluates to true if x is NaN
**      ...
*/
////#if __FAST_MATH__
////# error SQLite will not work correctly with the -ffast-math option of GCC.
////#endif
////      double y = x;
////      double z = y;
////      rc = ( y != z );
////#else  //* if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN) */
////rc = isnan(x);
////#endif //* SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN */

      bool rc = double.IsNaN(x);

      testcase( rc );
      return rc;
    }
#endif //* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */

    /*
** Compute a string length that is limited to what can be stored in
** lower 30 bits of a 32-bit signed integer.
**
** The value returned will never be negative.  Nor will it ever be greater
** than the actual length of the string.  For very long strings (greater
** than 1GiB) the value returned might be less than the true string length.
*/
    static int sqlite3Strlen30( int z )
    {
      return 0x3fffffff & z;
    }
    static int sqlite3Strlen30( StringBuilder z )
    {
      //string z2 = z;
      if ( z == null )
        return 0;
      //while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
      //return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
      int iLen = z.ToString().IndexOf( '\0' );
      return 0x3fffffff & ( iLen == -1 ? z.Length : iLen );
    }
    static int sqlite3Strlen30( string z )
    {
      //string z2 = z;
      if ( z == null )
        return 0;
      //while( *z2 ){ z2++; }
      //return 0x3fffffff & (int)(z2 - z);
      int iLen = z.IndexOf( '\0' );
      return 0x3fffffff & (iLen == -1 ? z.Length : iLen);
    }

    /*
    ** Set the most recent error code and error string for the sqlite
    ** handle "db". The error code is set to "err_code".
    **
    ** If it is not NULL, string zFormat specifies the format of the
    ** error string in the style of the printf functions: The following
    ** format characters are allowed:
    **
    **      %s      Insert a string
    **      %z      A string that should be freed after use
    **      %d      Insert an integer
    **      %T      Insert a token
    **      %S      Insert the first element of a SrcList
    **
    ** zFormat and any string tokens that follow it are assumed to be
    ** encoded in UTF-8.
    **
    ** To clear the most recent error for sqlite handle "db", sqlite3Error
    ** should be called with err_code set to SQLITE_OK and zFormat set
    ** to NULL.
    */
    //Overloads
    static void sqlite3Error( sqlite3 db, int err_code, int noString )
    {
      sqlite3Error( db, err_code, err_code == 0 ? null : string.Empty );
    }

    static void sqlite3Error( sqlite3 db, int err_code, string zFormat, params object[] ap )
    {
      if ( db != null && ( db.pErr != null || ( db.pErr = sqlite3ValueNew( db ) ) != null ) )
      {
        db.errCode = err_code;
        if ( zFormat != null )
        {
          lock ( lock_va_list )
          {
            string z;
            va_start( ap, zFormat );
            z = sqlite3VMPrintf( db, zFormat, ap );
            va_end( ref ap );
            sqlite3ValueSetStr( db.pErr, -1, z, SQLITE_UTF8, (dxDel)SQLITE_DYNAMIC );
          }
        }
        else
        {
          sqlite3ValueSetStr( db.pErr, 0, null, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_STATIC );
        }
      }
    }

    /*
    ** Add an error message to pParse.zErrMsg and increment pParse.nErr.
    ** The following formatting characters are allowed:
    **
    **      %s      Insert a string
    **      %z      A string that should be freed after use
    **      %d      Insert an integer
    **      %T      Insert a token
    **      %S      Insert the first element of a SrcList
    **
    ** This function should be used to report any error that occurs whilst
    ** compiling an SQL statement (i.e. within sqlite3_prepare()). The
    ** last thing the sqlite3_prepare() function does is copy the error
    ** stored by this function into the database handle using sqlite3Error().
    ** Function sqlite3Error() should be used during statement execution
    ** (sqlite3_step() etc.).
    */
    static void sqlite3ErrorMsg( Parse pParse, string zFormat, params object[] ap )
    {
      string zMsg;
      sqlite3 db = pParse.db;
      //va_list ap;
      lock ( lock_va_list )
      {
        va_start( ap, zFormat );
        zMsg = sqlite3VMPrintf( db, zFormat, ap );
        va_end( ref ap );
      }
      if ( db.suppressErr != 0 )
      {
        sqlite3DbFree( db, ref zMsg );
      }
      else
      {
        pParse.nErr++;
        sqlite3DbFree( db, ref pParse.zErrMsg );
        pParse.zErrMsg = zMsg;
        pParse.rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
    }

    /*
    ** Convert an SQL-style quoted string into a normal string by removing
    ** the quote characters.  The conversion is done in-place.  If the
    ** input does not begin with a quote character, then this routine
    ** is a no-op.
    **
    ** The input string must be zero-terminated.  A new zero-terminator
    ** is added to the dequoted string.
    **
    ** The return value is -1 if no dequoting occurs or the length of the
    ** dequoted string, exclusive of the zero terminator, if dequoting does
    ** occur.
    **
    ** 2002-Feb-14: This routine is extended to remove MS-Access style
    ** brackets from around identifers.  For example:  "[a-b-c]" becomes
    ** "a-b-c".
    */
    static int sqlite3Dequote( ref string z )
    {
      char quote;
      int i;
      if ( string.IsNullOrEmpty( z ) )
        return -1;
      quote = z[0];
      switch ( quote )
      {
        case '\'':
          break;
        case '"':
          break;
        case '`':
          break;                /* For MySQL compatibility */
        case '[':
          quote = ']';
          break;  /* For MS SqlServer compatibility */
        default:
          return -1;
      }
      StringBuilder sbZ = new StringBuilder( z.Length );
      for ( i = 1; i < z.Length; i++ ) //z[i] != 0; i++)
      {
        if ( z[i] == quote )
        {
          if ( i < z.Length - 1 && ( z[i + 1] == quote ) )
          {
            sbZ.Append( quote );
            i++;
          }
          else
          {
            break;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          sbZ.Append( z[i] );
        }
      }
      z = sbZ.ToString();
      return sbZ.Length;
    }

    /* Convenient short-hand */
    //#define UpperToLower sqlite3UpperToLower

    /*
    ** Some systems have stricmp().  Others have strcasecmp().  Because
    ** there is no consistency, we will define our own.
    **
    ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-20522-24639 The sqlite3_strnicmp() API allows
    ** applications and extensions to compare the contents of two buffers
    ** containing UTF-8 strings in a case-independent fashion, using the same
    ** definition of case independence that SQLite uses internally when
    ** comparing identifiers.
    */

    static int sqlite3StrNICmp( string zLeft, int offsetLeft, string zRight, int N )
    {
      //register unsigned char *a, *b;
      //a = (unsigned char )zLeft;
      //b = (unsigned char )zRight;
      int a = 0, b = 0;
      while ( N-- > 0 && a < zLeft.Length - offsetLeft && b < zRight.Length && zLeft[a + offsetLeft] != 0 && UpperToLower[zLeft[a + offsetLeft]] == UpperToLower[zRight[b]] )
      {
        a++;
        b++;
      }
      return N < 0 ? 0 : ( ( a < zLeft.Length - offsetLeft ) ? UpperToLower[zLeft[a + offsetLeft]] : 0 ) - UpperToLower[zRight[b]];
    }

    static int sqlite3StrNICmp( string zLeft, string zRight, int N )
    {
      //register unsigned char *a, *b;
      //a = (unsigned char )zLeft;
      //b = (unsigned char )zRight;
      int a = 0, b = 0;
      while ( N-- > 0 && a < zLeft.Length && b < zRight.Length && ( zLeft[a] == zRight[b] || ( zLeft[a] != 0 && zLeft[a] < 256 && zRight[b] < 256 && UpperToLower[zLeft[a]] == UpperToLower[zRight[b]] ) ) )
      {
        a++;
        b++;
      }
      if ( N < 0 )
        return 0;
      if ( a == zLeft.Length && b == zRight.Length )
        return 0;
      if ( a == zLeft.Length )
        return -UpperToLower[zRight[b]];
      if ( b == zRight.Length )
        return UpperToLower[zLeft[a]];
      return ( zLeft[a] < 256 ? UpperToLower[zLeft[a]] : zLeft[a] ) - ( zRight[b] < 256 ? UpperToLower[zRight[b]] : zRight[b] );
    }


    /*
    ** The string z[] is an text representation of a real number.
    ** Convert this string to a double and write it into *pResult.
    **
    ** The string z[] is length bytes in length (bytes, not characters) and
    ** uses the encoding enc.  The string is not necessarily zero-terminated.
    **
    ** Return TRUE if the result is a valid real number (or integer) and FALSE
    ** if the string is empty or contains extraneous text.  Valid numbers
    ** are in one of these formats:
    **
    **    [+-]digits[E[+-]digits]
    **    [+-]digits.[digits][E[+-]digits]
    **    [+-].digits[E[+-]digits]
    **
    ** Leading and trailing whitespace is ignored for the purpose of determining
    ** validity.
    **
    ** If some prefix of the input string is a valid number, this routine
    ** returns FALSE but it still converts the prefix and writes the result
    ** into *pResult.
    */
    static bool sqlite3AtoF( string z, ref double pResult, int length, u8 enc )
    {
#if !SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
      if ( string.IsNullOrEmpty( z ) )
      {
        pResult = 0;
        return false;
      }
      int incr = ( enc == SQLITE_UTF8 ? 1 : 2 );
      //const char* zEnd = z + length;

      /* sign * significand * (10 ^ (esign * exponent)) */
      int sign = 1;   /* sign of significand */
      i64 s = 0;      /* significand */
      int d = 0;      /* adjust exponent for shifting decimal point */
      int esign = 1;  /* sign of exponent */
      int e = 0;      /* exponent */
      int eValid = 1;  /* True exponent is either not used or is well-formed */
      double result = 0;
      int nDigits = 0;

      pResult = 0.0;   /* Default return value, in case of an error */

      int zDx = 0;
      if ( enc == SQLITE_UTF16BE )
        zDx++;

      while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isspace( z[zDx] ) )
        zDx++;
      if ( zDx >= length )
        return false;

      /* get sign of significand */
      if ( z[zDx] == '-' )
      {
        sign = -1;
        zDx += incr;
      }
      else if ( z[zDx] == '+' )
      {
        zDx += incr;
      }
      /* skip leading zeroes */
      while ( zDx < z.Length && z[zDx] == '0' )
      {
        zDx += incr;
        nDigits++;
      }
      /* copy max significant digits to significand */
      while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isdigit( z[zDx] ) && s < ( ( LARGEST_INT64 - 9 ) / 10 ) )
      {
        s = s * 10 + ( z[zDx] - '0' );
        zDx += incr;
        nDigits++;
      }
      /* skip non-significant significand digits
      ** (increase exponent by d to shift decimal left) */
      while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isdigit( z[zDx] ) )
      {
        zDx += incr;
        nDigits++;
        d++;
      }
      if ( zDx >= length )
        goto do_atof_calc;

      /* if decimal point is present */
      if ( z[zDx] == '.' )
      {
        zDx += incr;
        /* copy digits from after decimal to significand
        ** (decrease exponent by d to shift decimal right) */
        while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isdigit( z[zDx] ) && s < ( ( LARGEST_INT64 - 9 ) / 10 ) )
        {
          s = s * 10 + ( z[zDx] - '0' );
          zDx += incr;
          nDigits++;
          d--;
        }

        /* skip non-significant digits */
        while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isdigit( z[zDx] ) )
        {
          zDx += incr;
          nDigits++;
        }
        if ( zDx >= length )
          goto do_atof_calc;
      }

      /* if exponent is present */
      if ( z[zDx] == 'e' || z[zDx] == 'E' )
      {
        zDx += incr;
        eValid = 0;
        if ( zDx >= length )
          goto do_atof_calc;

        /* get sign of exponent */
        if ( z[zDx] == '-' )
        {
          esign = -1;
          zDx += incr;
        }
        else if ( z[zDx] == '+' )
        {
          zDx += incr;
        }

        /* copy digits to exponent */
        while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isdigit( z[zDx] ) )
        {
          e = e * 10 + ( z[zDx] - '0' );
          zDx += incr;
          eValid = 1;
        }
      }

      /* skip trailing spaces */
      if ( nDigits > 0 && eValid > 0 )
      {
        while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isspace( z[zDx] ) )
          zDx += incr;
      }

do_atof_calc:

      /* adjust exponent by d, and update sign */
      e = ( e * esign ) + d;
      if ( e < 0 )
      {
        esign = -1;
        e *= -1;
      }
      else
      {
        esign = 1;
      }

      /* if 0 significand */
      if ( 0 == s )
      {
        /* In the IEEE 754 standard, zero is signed.
        ** Add the sign if we've seen at least one digit */
        result = ( sign < 0 && nDigits != 0 ) ? -(double)0 : (double)0;
      }
      else
      {
        /* attempt to reduce exponent */
        if ( esign > 0 )
        {
          while ( s < ( LARGEST_INT64 / 10 ) && e > 0 )
          {
            e--;
            s *= 10;
          }
        }
        else
        {
          while ( 0 == ( s % 10 ) && e > 0 )
          {
            e--;
            s /= 10;
          }
        }

        /* adjust the sign of significand */
        s = sign < 0 ? -s : s;

        /* if exponent, scale significand as appropriate
        ** and store in result. */
        if ( e != 0 )
        {
          double scale = 1.0;
          /* attempt to handle extremely small/large numbers better */
          if ( e > 307 && e < 342 )
          {
            while ( ( e % 308 ) != 0 )
            {
              scale *= 1.0e+1;
              e -= 1;
            }
            if ( esign < 0 )
            {
              result = s / scale;
              result /= 1.0e+308;
            }
            else
            {
              result = s * scale;
              result *= 1.0e+308;
            }
          }
          else
          {
            /* 1.0e+22 is the largest power of 10 than can be 
            ** represented exactly. */
            while ( ( e % 22 ) != 0 )
            {
              scale *= 1.0e+1;
              e -= 1;
            }
            while ( e > 0 )
            {
              scale *= 1.0e+22;
              e -= 22;
            }
            if ( esign < 0 )
            {
              result = s / scale;
            }
            else
            {
              result = s * scale;
            }
          }
        }
        else
        {
          result = (double)s;
        }
      }
      /* store the result */
      pResult = result;

      /* return true if number and no extra non-whitespace chracters after */
      return zDx >= length && nDigits > 0 && eValid != 0;
#else
return !sqlite3Atoi64(z, pResult, length, enc);
#endif //* SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT */
    }

    /*
    ** Compare the 19-character string zNum against the text representation
    ** value 2^63:  9223372036854775808.  Return negative, zero, or positive
    ** if zNum is less than, equal to, or greater than the string.
    ** Note that zNum must contain exactly 19 characters.
    **
    ** Unlike memcmp() this routine is guaranteed to return the difference
    ** in the values of the last digit if the only difference is in the
    ** last digit.  So, for example,
    **
    **      compare2pow63("9223372036854775800", 1)
    **
    ** will return -8.
    */
    static int compare2pow63( string zNum, int incr )
    {
      int c = 0;
      int i;
      /* 012345678901234567 */
      string pow63 = "922337203685477580";
      for ( i = 0; c == 0 && i < 18; i++ )
      {
        c = ( zNum[i * incr] - pow63[i] ) * 10;
      }

      if ( c == 0 )
      {
        c = zNum[18 * incr] - '8';
        testcase( c == ( -1 ) );
        testcase( c == 0 );
        testcase( c == ( +1 ) );
      }
      return c;
    }


    /*
    ** Convert zNum to a 64-bit signed integer.
    **
    ** If the zNum value is representable as a 64-bit twos-complement 
    ** integer, then write that value into *pNum and return 0.
    **
    ** If zNum is exactly 9223372036854665808, return 2.  This special
    ** case is broken out because while 9223372036854665808 cannot be a 
    ** signed 64-bit integer, its negative -9223372036854665808 can be.
    **
    ** If zNum is too big for a 64-bit integer and is not
    ** 9223372036854665808 then return 1.
    **
    ** length is the number of bytes in the string (bytes, not characters).
    ** The string is not necessarily zero-terminated.  The encoding is
    ** given by enc.
    */
    static int sqlite3Atoi64( string zNum, ref i64 pNum, int length, u8 enc )
    {
      if ( zNum == null )
      {
        pNum = 0;
        return 1;
      }
      int incr = ( enc == SQLITE_UTF8 ? 1 : 2 );
      u64 u = 0;
      int neg = 0; /* assume positive */
      int i;
      int c = 0;
      int zDx = 0;//  string zStart;
      //string zEnd = zNum + length;

      if ( enc == SQLITE_UTF16BE )
        zDx++;
      while ( zDx < length && sqlite3Isspace( zNum[zDx] ) )
        zDx += incr;
      if ( zDx < length )
      {
        if ( zNum[zDx] == '-' )
        {
          neg = 1;
          zDx += incr;
        }
        else if ( zNum[zDx] == '+' )
        {
          zDx += incr;
        }
      }
      //zStart = zNum;
      if ( length > zNum.Length )
        length = zNum.Length;
      while ( zDx < length - 1 && zNum[zDx] == '0' )
      {
        zDx += incr;
      } /* Skip leading zeros. */
      for ( i = zDx; i < length && ( c = zNum[i] ) >= '0' && c <= '9'; i += incr )
      {
        u = u * 10 + (u64)(c - '0');
      }
      if ( u > LARGEST_INT64 )
      {
        pNum = SMALLEST_INT64;
      }
      else if ( neg != 0)
      {
        pNum = -(i64)u;
      }
      else
      {
        pNum = (i64)u;
      }
      testcase( i - zDx == 18 );
      testcase( i - zDx == 19 );
      testcase( i - zDx == 20 );
      if ( ( c != 0 && i < length ) || i == zDx || i - zDx > 19 * incr )
      {
        /* zNum is empty or contains non-numeric text or is longer
        ** than 19 digits (thus guaranteeing that it is too large) */
        return 1;
      }
      else if ( i - zDx < 19 * incr )
      {
        /* Less than 19 digits, so we know that it fits in 64 bits */
        Debug.Assert( u <= LARGEST_INT64 );
        return 0;
      }
      else
      {
        /* zNum is a 19-digit numbers.  Compare it against 9223372036854775808. */
        c = compare2pow63( zNum.Substring(zDx), incr );
        if ( c < 0 )
        {
          /* zNum is less than 9223372036854775808 so it fits */
          Debug.Assert( u <= LARGEST_INT64 );
          return 0;
        }
        else if ( c > 0 )
        {
          /* zNum is greater than 9223372036854775808 so it overflows */
          return 1;
        }
        else
        {
          /* zNum is exactly 9223372036854775808.  Fits if negative.  The
          ** special case 2 overflow if positive */
          Debug.Assert( u - 1 == LARGEST_INT64 );
          Debug.Assert( ( pNum ) == SMALLEST_INT64 );
          return neg != 0 ? 0 : 2;
        }
      }
    }

    /*
    ** If zNum represents an integer that will fit in 32-bits, then set
    ** pValue to that integer and return true.  Otherwise return false.
    **
    ** Any non-numeric characters that following zNum are ignored.
    ** This is different from sqlite3Atoi64() which requires the
    ** input number to be zero-terminated.
    */
    static bool sqlite3GetInt32( string zNum, ref int pValue )
    {
      return sqlite3GetInt32( zNum, 0, ref pValue );
    }
    static bool sqlite3GetInt32( string zNum, int iZnum, ref int pValue )
    {
      sqlite_int64 v = 0;
      int i, c;
      int neg = 0;
      if ( zNum[iZnum] == '-' )
      {
        neg = 1;
        iZnum++;
      }
      else if ( zNum[iZnum] == '+' )
      {
        iZnum++;
      }
      while ( iZnum < zNum.Length && zNum[iZnum] == '0' )
        iZnum++;
      for ( i = 0; i < 11 && i + iZnum < zNum.Length && ( c = zNum[iZnum + i] - '0' ) >= 0 && c <= 9; i++ )
      {
        v = v * 10 + c;
      }

      /* The longest decimal representation of a 32 bit integer is 10 digits:
      **
      **             1234567890
      **     2^31 . 2147483648
      */
      testcase( i == 10 );
      if ( i > 10 )
      {
        return false;
      }
      testcase( v - neg == 2147483647 );
      if ( v - neg > 2147483647 )
      {
        return false;
      }
      if ( neg != 0 )
      {
        v = -v;
      }
      pValue = (int)v;
      return true;
    }

    /*
    ** Return a 32-bit integer value extracted from a string.  If the
    ** string is not an integer, just return 0.
    */
    static int sqlite3Atoi( string z )
    {
      int x = 0;
      if ( !string.IsNullOrEmpty( z ) )
        sqlite3GetInt32( z, ref x );
      return x;
    }

    /*
    ** The variable-length integer encoding is as follows:
    **
    ** KEY:
    **         A = 0xxxxxxx    7 bits of data and one flag bit
    **         B = 1xxxxxxx    7 bits of data and one flag bit
    **         C = xxxxxxxx    8 bits of data
    **
    **  7 bits - A
    ** 14 bits - BA
    ** 21 bits - BBA
    ** 28 bits - BBBA
    ** 35 bits - BBBBA
    ** 42 bits - BBBBBA
    ** 49 bits - BBBBBBA
    ** 56 bits - BBBBBBBA
    ** 64 bits - BBBBBBBBC
    */

    /*
    ** Write a 64-bit variable-length integer to memory starting at p[0].
    ** The length of data write will be between 1 and 9 bytes.  The number
    ** of bytes written is returned.
    **
    ** A variable-length integer consists of the lower 7 bits of each byte
    ** for all bytes that have the 8th bit set and one byte with the 8th
    ** bit clear.  Except, if we get to the 9th byte, it stores the full
    ** 8 bits and is the last byte.
    */
    static int getVarint( byte[] p, out u32 v )
    {
      v = p[0];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      u64 u64_v = 0;
      int result = sqlite3GetVarint( p, 0, out u64_v );
      v = (u32)u64_v;
      return result;
    }
    static int getVarint( byte[] p, int offset, out u32 v )
    {
      v = p[offset + 0];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      u64 u64_v = 0;
      int result = sqlite3GetVarint( p, offset, out u64_v );
      v = (u32)u64_v;
      return result;
    }
    static int getVarint( byte[] p, int offset, out int v )
    {
      v = p[offset + 0];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      u64 u64_v = 0;
      int result = sqlite3GetVarint( p, offset, out u64_v );
      v = (int)u64_v;
      return result;
    }
    static int getVarint( byte[] p, int offset, out i64 v )
    {
      v = offset >= p.Length ? 0 : (int)p[offset + 0];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      if ( offset + 1 >= p.Length )
      {
        v = 65535;
        return 2;
      }
      else
      {
        u64 u64_v = 0;
        int result = sqlite3GetVarint( p, offset, out u64_v );
        v = (i64)u64_v;
        return result;
      }
    }
    static int getVarint( byte[] p, int offset, out u64 v )
    {
      v = p[offset + 0];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      int result = sqlite3GetVarint( p, offset, out v );
      return result;
    }
    static int getVarint32( byte[] p, out u32 v )
    { //(*B=*(A))<=0x7f?1:sqlite3GetVarint32(A,B))
      v = p[0];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      return sqlite3GetVarint32( p, 0, out v );
    }
    static byte[] pByte4 = new byte[4];
    static int getVarint32( string s, u32 offset, out int v )
    { //(*B=*(A))<=0x7f?1:sqlite3GetVarint32(A,B))
      v = s[(int)offset];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      pByte4[0] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 0];
      pByte4[1] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 1];
      pByte4[2] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 2];
      pByte4[3] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 3];
      u32 u32_v = 0;
      int result = sqlite3GetVarint32( pByte4, 0, out u32_v );
      v = (int)u32_v;
      return sqlite3GetVarint32( pByte4, 0, out v );
    }
    static int getVarint32( string s, u32 offset, out u32 v )
    { //(*B=*(A))<=0x7f?1:sqlite3GetVarint32(A,B))
      v = s[(int)offset];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      pByte4[0] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 0];
      pByte4[1] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 1];
      pByte4[2] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 2];
      pByte4[3] = (u8)s[(int)offset + 3];
      return sqlite3GetVarint32( pByte4, 0, out v );
    }
    static int getVarint32( byte[] p, u32 offset, out u32 v )
    { //(*B=*(A))<=0x7f?1:sqlite3GetVarint32(A,B))
      v = p[offset];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      return sqlite3GetVarint32( p, (int)offset, out v );
    }
    static int getVarint32( byte[] p, int offset, out u32 v )
    { //(*B=*(A))<=0x7f?1:sqlite3GetVarint32(A,B))
      v = offset >= p.Length ? 0 : (u32)p[offset];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      return sqlite3GetVarint32( p, offset, out v );
    }
    static int getVarint32( byte[] p, int offset, out int v )
    { //(*B=*(A))<=0x7f?1:sqlite3GetVarint32(A,B))
      v = p[offset + 0];
      if ( v <= 0x7F )
        return 1;
      u32 u32_v = 0;
      int result = sqlite3GetVarint32( p, offset, out u32_v );
      v = (int)u32_v;
      return result;
    }
    static int putVarint( byte[] p, int offset, int v )
    {
      return putVarint( p, offset, (u64)v );
    }
    static int putVarint( byte[] p, int offset, u64 v )
    {
      return sqlite3PutVarint( p, offset, v );
    }
    static int sqlite3PutVarint( byte[] p, int offset, int v )
    {
      return sqlite3PutVarint( p, offset, (u64)v );
    }
    static u8[] bufByte10 = new u8[10];
    static int sqlite3PutVarint( byte[] p, int offset, u64 v )
    {
      int i, j, n;
      if ( ( v & ( ( (u64)0xff000000 ) << 32 ) ) != 0 )
      {
        p[offset + 8] = (byte)v;
        v >>= 8;
        for ( i = 7; i >= 0; i-- )
        {
          p[offset + i] = (byte)( ( v & 0x7f ) | 0x80 );
          v >>= 7;
        }
        return 9;
      }
      n = 0;
      do
      {
        bufByte10[n++] = (byte)( ( v & 0x7f ) | 0x80 );
        v >>= 7;
      } while ( v != 0 );
      bufByte10[0] &= 0x7f;
      Debug.Assert( n <= 9 );
      for ( i = 0, j = n - 1; j >= 0; j--, i++ )
      {
        p[offset + i] = bufByte10[j];
      }
      return n;
    }

    /*
    ** This routine is a faster version of sqlite3PutVarint() that only
    ** works for 32-bit positive integers and which is optimized for
    ** the common case of small integers.
    */
    static int putVarint32( byte[] p, int offset, int v )
    {
#if !putVarint32
      if ( ( v & ~0x7f ) == 0 )
      {
        p[offset] = (byte)v;
        return 1;
      }
#endif
      if ( ( v & ~0x3fff ) == 0 )
      {
        p[offset] = (byte)( ( v >> 7 ) | 0x80 );
        p[offset + 1] = (byte)( v & 0x7f );
        return 2;
      }
      return sqlite3PutVarint( p, offset, v );
    }

    static int putVarint32( byte[] p, int v )
    {
      if ( ( v & ~0x7f ) == 0 )
      {
        p[0] = (byte)v;
        return 1;
      }
      else if ( ( v & ~0x3fff ) == 0 )
      {
        p[0] = (byte)( ( v >> 7 ) | 0x80 );
        p[1] = (byte)( v & 0x7f );
        return 2;
      }
      else
      {
        return sqlite3PutVarint( p, 0, v );
      }
    }

    /*
    ** Bitmasks used by sqlite3GetVarint().  These precomputed constants
    ** are defined here rather than simply putting the constant expressions
    ** inline in order to work around bugs in the RVT compiler.
    **
    ** SLOT_2_0     A mask for  (0x7f<<14) | 0x7f
    **
    ** SLOT_4_2_0   A mask for  (0x7f<<28) | SLOT_2_0
    */
    const int SLOT_2_0 = 0x001fc07f;    //#define SLOT_2_0     0x001fc07f
    const u32 SLOT_4_2_0 = (u32)0xf01fc07f;  //#define SLOT_4_2_0   0xf01fc07f

    /*
    ** Read a 64-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0].
    ** Return the number of bytes read.  The value is stored in *v.
    */
    static u8 sqlite3GetVarint( byte[] p, int offset, out u64 v )
    {
      u32 a, b, s;

      a = p[offset + 0];
      /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( a & 0x80 ) )
      {
        v = a;
        return 1;
      }

      //p++;
      b = p[offset + 1];
      /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( b & 0x80 ) )
      {
        a &= 0x7f;
        a = a << 7;
        a |= b;
        v = a;
        return 2;
      }

      /* Verify that constants are precomputed correctly */
      Debug.Assert( SLOT_2_0 == ( ( 0x7f << 14 ) | ( 0x7f ) ) );
      Debug.Assert( SLOT_4_2_0 == ( ( 0xfU << 28 ) | ( 0x7f << 14 ) | ( 0x7f ) ) );
      //p++;
      a = a << 14;
      a |= p[offset + 2];
      /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( a & 0x80 ) )
      {
        a &= SLOT_2_0;
        b &= 0x7f;
        b = b << 7;
        a |= b;
        v = a;
        return 3;
      }

      /* CSE1 from below */
      a &= SLOT_2_0;
      //p++;
      b = b << 14;
      b |= p[offset + 3];
      /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( b & 0x80 ) )
      {
        b &= SLOT_2_0;
        /* moved CSE1 up */
        /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
        a = a << 7;
        a |= b;
        v = a;
        return 4;
      }

      /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (masked) */
      /* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
      /* 1:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
      /* moved CSE1 up */
      /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
      b &= SLOT_2_0;
      s = a;
      /* s: p0<<14 | p2 (masked) */

      //p++;
      a = a << 14;
      a |= p[offset + 4];
      /* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( a & 0x80 ) )
      {
        /* we can skip these cause they were (effectively) done above in calc'ing s */
        /* a &= (0x1f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
        /* b &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
        b = b << 7;
        a |= b;
        s = s >> 18;
        v = ( (u64)s ) << 32 | a;
        return 5;
      }

      /* 2:save off p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */
      s = s << 7;
      s |= b;
      /* s: p0<<21 | p1<<14 | p2<<7 | p3 (masked) */

      //p++;
      b = b << 14;
      b |= p[offset + 5];
      /* b: p1<<28 | p3<<14 | p5 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( b & 0x80 ) )
      {
        /* we can skip this cause it was (effectively) done above in calc'ing s */
        /* b &= (0x1f<<28)|(0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
        a &= SLOT_2_0;
        a = a << 7;
        a |= b;
        s = s >> 18;
        v = ( (u64)s ) << 32 | a;
        return 6;
      }

      //p++;
      a = a << 14;
      a |= p[offset + 6];
      /* a: p2<<28 | p4<<14 | p6 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( a & 0x80 ) )
      {
        a &= SLOT_4_2_0;
        b &= SLOT_2_0;
        b = b << 7;
        a |= b;
        s = s >> 11;
        v = ( (u64)s ) << 32 | a;
        return 7;
      }

      /* CSE2 from below */
      a &= SLOT_2_0;
      //p++;
      b = b << 14;
      b |= p[offset + 7];
      /* b: p3<<28 | p5<<14 | p7 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( b & 0x80 ) )
      {
        b &= SLOT_4_2_0;
        /* moved CSE2 up */
        /* a &= (0x7f<<14)|(0x7f); */
        a = a << 7;
        a |= b;
        s = s >> 4;
        v = ( (u64)s ) << 32 | a;
        return 8;
      }

      //p++;
      a = a << 15;
      a |= p[offset + 8];
      /* a: p4<<29 | p6<<15 | p8 (unmasked) */

      /* moved CSE2 up */
      /* a &= (0x7f<<29)|(0x7f<<15)|(0xff); */
      b &= SLOT_2_0;
      b = b << 8;
      a |= b;

      s = s << 4;
      b = p[offset + 4];
      b &= 0x7f;
      b = b >> 3;
      s |= b;

      v = ( (u64)s ) << 32 | a;

      return 9;
    }


    /*
    ** Read a 32-bit variable-length integer from memory starting at p[0].
    ** Return the number of bytes read.  The value is stored in *v.
    **
    ** If the varint stored in p[0] is larger than can fit in a 32-bit unsigned
    ** integer, then set *v to 0xffffffff.
    **
    ** A MACRO version, getVarint32, is provided which inlines the
    ** single-byte case.  All code should use the MACRO version as
    ** this function assumes the single-byte case has already been handled.
    */
    static u8 sqlite3GetVarint32( byte[] p, out int v )
    {
      u32 u32_v = 0;
      u8 result = sqlite3GetVarint32( p, 0, out u32_v );
      v = (int)u32_v;
      return result;
    }
    static u8 sqlite3GetVarint32( byte[] p, int offset, out int v )
    {
      u32 u32_v = 0;
      u8 result = sqlite3GetVarint32( p, offset, out u32_v );
      v = (int)u32_v;
      return result;
    }
    static u8 sqlite3GetVarint32( byte[] p, out u32 v )
    {
      return sqlite3GetVarint32( p, 0, out v );
    }
    static u8 sqlite3GetVarint32( byte[] p, int offset, out u32 v )
    {
      u32 a, b;

      /* The 1-byte case.  Overwhelmingly the most common.  Handled inline
      ** by the getVarin32() macro */
      a = p[offset + 0];
      /* a: p0 (unmasked) */
      //#if getVarint32
      //  if ( 0==( a&0x80))
      //  {
      /* Values between 0 and 127 */
      //    v = a;
      //    return 1;
      //  }
      //#endif

      /* The 2-byte case */
      //p++;
      b = ( offset + 1 ) < p.Length ? p[offset + 1] : (u32)0;
      /* b: p1 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( b & 0x80 ) )
      {
        /* Values between 128 and 16383 */
        a &= 0x7f;
        a = a << 7;
        v = a | b;
        return 2;
      }

      /* The 3-byte case */
      //p++;
      a = a << 14;
      a |= ( offset + 2 ) < p.Length ? p[offset + 2] : (u32)0;
      /* a: p0<<14 | p2 (unmasked) */
      if ( 0 == ( a & 0x80 ) )
      {
        /* Values between 16384 and 2097151 */
        a &= ( 0x7f << 14 ) | ( 0x7f );
        b &= 0x7f;
        b = b << 7;
        v = a | b;
        return 3;
      }

      /* A 32-bit varint is used to store size information in btrees.
      ** Objects are rarely larger than 2MiB limit of a 3-byte varint.
      ** A 3-byte varint is sufficient, for example, to record the size
      ** of a 1048569-byte BLOB or string.
      **
      ** We only unroll the first 1-, 2-, and 3- byte cases.  The very
      ** rare larger cases can be handled by the slower 64-bit varint
      ** routine.
      */
#if TRUE
      {
        u64 v64 = 0;
        u8 n;

        //p -= 2;
        n = sqlite3GetVarint( p, offset, out v64 );
        Debug.Assert( n > 3 && n <= 9 );
        if ( ( v64 & SQLITE_MAX_U32 ) != v64 )
        {
          v = 0xffffffff;
        }
        else
        {
          v = (u32)v64;
        }
        return n;
      }
#else
/* For following code (kept for historical record only) shows an
** unrolling for the 3- and 4-byte varint cases.  This code is
** slightly faster, but it is also larger and much harder to test.
*/
//p++;
b = b << 14;
b |= p[offset + 3];
/* b: p1<<14 | p3 (unmasked) */
if ( 0 == ( b & 0x80 ) )
{
/* Values between 2097152 and 268435455 */
b &= ( 0x7f << 14 ) | ( 0x7f );
a &= ( 0x7f << 14 ) | ( 0x7f );
a = a << 7;
v = a | b;
return 4;
}

//p++;
a = a << 14;
a |= p[offset + 4];
/* a: p0<<28 | p2<<14 | p4 (unmasked) */
if ( 0 == ( a & 0x80 ) )
{
/* Values  between 268435456 and 34359738367 */
a &= SLOT_2_0;
b &= SLOT_4_2_0;
b = b << 7;
v = a | b;
return 5;
}

/* We can only reach this point when reading a corrupt database
** file.  In that case we are not in any hurry.  Use the (relatively
** slow) general-purpose sqlite3GetVarint() routine to extract the
** value. */
{
u64 v64 = 0;
int n;

//p -= 4;
n = sqlite3GetVarint( p, offset, out v64 );
Debug.Assert( n > 5 && n <= 9 );
v = (u32)v64;
return n;
}
#endif
    }


    /*
    ** Return the number of bytes that will be needed to store the given
    ** 64-bit integer.
    */
    static int sqlite3VarintLen( u64 v )
    {
      int i = 0;
      do
      {
        i++;
        v >>= 7;
      } while ( v != 0 && ALWAYS( i < 9 ) );
      return i;
    }


    /*
    ** Read or write a four-byte big-endian integer value.
    */
    static u32 sqlite3Get4byte( u8[] p, int p_offset, int offset )
    {
      offset += p_offset;
      return ( offset + 3 > p.Length ) ? 0 : (u32)( ( p[0 + offset] << 24 ) | ( p[1 + offset] << 16 ) | ( p[2 + offset] << 8 ) | p[3 + offset] );
    }
    static u32 sqlite3Get4byte( u8[] p, int offset )
    {
      return ( offset + 3 > p.Length ) ? 0 : (u32)( ( p[0 + offset] << 24 ) | ( p[1 + offset] << 16 ) | ( p[2 + offset] << 8 ) | p[3 + offset] );
    }
    static u32 sqlite3Get4byte( u8[] p, u32 offset )
    {
      return ( offset + 3 > p.Length ) ? 0 : (u32)( ( p[0 + offset] << 24 ) | ( p[1 + offset] << 16 ) | ( p[2 + offset] << 8 ) | p[3 + offset] );
    }
    static u32 sqlite3Get4byte( u8[] p )
    {
      return (u32)( ( p[0] << 24 ) | ( p[1] << 16 ) | ( p[2] << 8 ) | p[3] );
    }
    static void sqlite3Put4byte( byte[] p, int v )
    {
      p[0] = (byte)( v >> 24 & 0xFF );
      p[1] = (byte)( v >> 16 & 0xFF );
      p[2] = (byte)( v >> 8 & 0xFF );
      p[3] = (byte)( v & 0xFF );
    }
    static void sqlite3Put4byte( byte[] p, int offset, int v )
    {
      p[0 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 24 & 0xFF );
      p[1 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 16 & 0xFF );
      p[2 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 8 & 0xFF );
      p[3 + offset] = (byte)( v & 0xFF );
    }
    static void sqlite3Put4byte( byte[] p, u32 offset, u32 v )
    {
      p[0 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 24 & 0xFF );
      p[1 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 16 & 0xFF );
      p[2 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 8 & 0xFF );
      p[3 + offset] = (byte)( v & 0xFF );
    }
    static void sqlite3Put4byte( byte[] p, int offset, u64 v )
    {
      p[0 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 24 & 0xFF );
      p[1 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 16 & 0xFF );
      p[2 + offset] = (byte)( v >> 8 & 0xFF );
      p[3 + offset] = (byte)( v & 0xFF );
    }
    static void sqlite3Put4byte( byte[] p, u64 v )
    {
      p[0] = (byte)( v >> 24 & 0xFF );
      p[1] = (byte)( v >> 16 & 0xFF );
      p[2] = (byte)( v >> 8 & 0xFF );
      p[3] = (byte)( v & 0xFF );
    }



/*
** Translate a single byte of Hex into an integer.
** This routine only works if h really is a valid hexadecimal
** character:  0..9a..fA..F
*/
    static int sqlite3HexToInt( int h )
    {
      Debug.Assert( ( h >= '0' && h <= '9' ) || ( h >= 'a' && h <= 'f' ) || ( h >= 'A' && h <= 'F' ) );
#if SQLITE_ASCII
      h += 9 * ( 1 & ( h >> 6 ) );
#endif
//#if SQLITE_EBCDIC
//h += 9*(1&~(h>>4));
//#endif
      return h & 0xf;
    }

#if !SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL || SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
    /*
** Convert a BLOB literal of the form "x'hhhhhh'" into its binary
** value.  Return a pointer to its binary value.  Space to hold the
** binary value has been obtained from malloc and must be freed by
** the calling routine.
*/
    static byte[] sqlite3HexToBlob( sqlite3 db, string z, int n )
    {
      StringBuilder zBlob;
      int i;

      zBlob = new StringBuilder( n / 2 + 1 );// (char)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, n / 2 + 1);
      n--;
      if ( zBlob != null )
      {
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i += 2 )
        {
          zBlob.Append( Convert.ToChar( ( sqlite3HexToInt( z[i] ) << 4 ) | sqlite3HexToInt( z[i + 1] ) ) );
        }
        //zBlob[i / 2] = '\0'; ;
      }
      return Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( zBlob.ToString() );
    }
#endif // * !SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL || SQLITE_HAS_CODEC */


    /*
** Log an error that is an API call on a connection pointer that should
** not have been used.  The "type" of connection pointer is given as the
** argument.  The zType is a word like "NULL" or "closed" or "invalid".
*/
    static void logBadConnection( string zType )
    {
      sqlite3_log( SQLITE_MISUSE,
      "API call with %s database connection pointer",
      zType
      );
    }

    /*
    ** Check to make sure we have a valid db pointer.  This test is not
    ** foolproof but it does provide some measure of protection against
    ** misuse of the interface such as passing in db pointers that are
    ** NULL or which have been previously closed.  If this routine returns
    ** 1 it means that the db pointer is valid and 0 if it should not be
    ** dereferenced for any reason.  The calling function should invoke
    ** SQLITE_MISUSE immediately.
    **
    ** sqlite3SafetyCheckOk() requires that the db pointer be valid for
    ** use.  sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk() allows a db pointer that failed to
    ** open properly and is not fit for general use but which can be
    ** used as an argument to sqlite3_errmsg() or sqlite3_close().
    */
    static bool sqlite3SafetyCheckOk( sqlite3 db )
    {
      u32 magic;
      if ( db == null )
      {
        logBadConnection( "NULL" );
        return false;
      }
      magic = db.magic;
      if ( magic != SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN )
      {
        if ( sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk( db ) )
        {
          testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog != null );
          logBadConnection( "unopened" );
        }
        return false;
      }
      else
      {
        return true;
      }
    }
    static bool sqlite3SafetyCheckSickOrOk( sqlite3 db )
    {
      u32 magic;
      magic = db.magic;
      if ( magic != SQLITE_MAGIC_SICK &&
      magic != SQLITE_MAGIC_OPEN &&
      magic != SQLITE_MAGIC_BUSY )
      {
        testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog != null );
        logBadConnection( "invalid" );
        return false;
      }
      else
      {
        return true;
      }
    }

    /*
    ** Attempt to add, substract, or multiply the 64-bit signed value iB against
    ** the other 64-bit signed integer at *pA and store the result in *pA.
    ** Return 0 on success.  Or if the operation would have resulted in an
    ** overflow, leave *pA unchanged and return 1.
    */
    static int sqlite3AddInt64( ref i64 pA, i64 iB )
    {
      i64 iA = pA;
      testcase( iA == 0 );
      testcase( iA == 1 );
      testcase( iB == -1 );
      testcase( iB == 0 );
      if ( iB >= 0 )
      {
        testcase( iA > 0 && LARGEST_INT64 - iA == iB );
        testcase( iA > 0 && LARGEST_INT64 - iA == iB - 1 );
        if ( iA > 0 && LARGEST_INT64 - iA < iB )
          return 1;
        pA += iB;
      }
      else
      {
        testcase( iA < 0 && -( iA + LARGEST_INT64 ) == iB + 1 );
        testcase( iA < 0 && -( iA + LARGEST_INT64 ) == iB + 2 );
        if ( iA < 0 && -( iA + LARGEST_INT64 ) > iB + 1 )
          return 1;
        pA += iB;
      }
      return 0;
    }
    static int sqlite3SubInt64( ref i64 pA, i64 iB )
    {
      testcase( iB == SMALLEST_INT64 + 1 );
      if ( iB == SMALLEST_INT64 )
      {
        testcase( ( pA ) == ( -1 ) );
        testcase( ( pA ) == 0 );
        if ( ( pA ) >= 0 )
          return 1;
        pA -= iB;
        return 0;
      }
      else
      {
        return sqlite3AddInt64( ref pA, -iB );
      }
    }
    //#define TWOPOWER32 (((i64)1)<<32)
    const i64 TWOPOWER32 = ( ( (i64)1 ) << 32 );
    //#define TWOPOWER31 (((i64)1)<<31)
    const i64 TWOPOWER31 = ( ( (i64)1 ) << 31 );

    static int sqlite3MulInt64( ref i64 pA, i64 iB )
    {
      i64 iA = pA;
      i64 iA1, iA0, iB1, iB0, r;

      iA1 = iA / TWOPOWER32;
      iA0 = iA % TWOPOWER32;
      iB1 = iB / TWOPOWER32;
      iB0 = iB % TWOPOWER32;
      if ( iA1 * iB1 != 0 )
        return 1;
      Debug.Assert( iA1 * iB0 == 0 || iA0 * iB1 == 0 );
      r = iA1 * iB0 + iA0 * iB1;
      testcase( r == ( -TWOPOWER31 ) - 1 );
      testcase( r == ( -TWOPOWER31 ) );
      testcase( r == TWOPOWER31 );
      testcase( r == TWOPOWER31 - 1 );
      if ( r < ( -TWOPOWER31 ) || r >= TWOPOWER31 )
        return 1;
      r *= TWOPOWER32;
      if ( sqlite3AddInt64( ref r, iA0 * iB0 ) != 0)
        return 1;
      pA = r;
      return 0;
    }

    /*
    ** Compute the absolute value of a 32-bit signed integer, if possible.  Or 
    ** if the integer has a value of -2147483648, return +2147483647
    */
    static int sqlite3AbsInt32( int x )
    {
      if ( x >= 0 )
        return x;
      if ( x == -2147483648) // 0x80000000 
        return 0x7fffffff;
      return -x;
    }

#if SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
/*
** If SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAME is set at compile-time and if the database
** filename in zBaseFilename is a URI with the "8_3_names=1" parameter and
** if filename in z[] has a suffix (a.k.a. "extension") that is longer than
** three characters, then shorten the suffix on z[] to be the last three
** characters of the original suffix.
**
** Examples:
**
**     test.db-journal    =>   test.nal
**     test.db-wal        =>   test.wal
**     test.db-shm        =>   test.shm
*/
static void sqlite3FileSuffix3(string zBaseFilename, string z){
  string zOk;
  zOk = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zBaseFilename, "8_3_names");
  if( zOk != null && sqlite3GetBoolean(zOk) ){
    int i, sz;
    sz = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
    for(i=sz-1; i>0 && z[i]!='/' && z[i]!='.'; i--){}
    if( z[i]=='.' && ALWAYS(sz>i+4) ) memcpy(&z[i+1], &z[sz-3], 4);
  }
}
#endif

  }
}